The city was home to the US Army 's Kagnew Station installation from 1943 until 1977. Ethiopia's biggest ally was the United States. In 1961, Emperor Haile Selassie I ended the "federal" arrangement and declared the territory to be the 14th province of the Ethiopian Empire. The national language of the city was therefore replaced from the Tigrinya language to the Ethiopian Amharic language. The capital was now Addis Ababa, over 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) to the south. During the Federation, Asmara was no longer the capital city. In 1952, the United Nations resolved to federate the former colony under Ethiopian rule. Under Italian rule the city of Asmara was made capital of Eritrea in the last years of the 19th century. The city was then founded in the 12th century AD after four separate villages unified to live together peacefully after long periods of conflict. The site of Asmera was first settled in 800 BC with a population ranging from 100 to 1,000. In 2017, the city was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its well-preserved modernist architecture. The city is located at the tip of an escarpment that is both the northwestern edge of the Eritrean Highlands and the Great Rift Valley in neighbouring Ethiopia. It sits at an elevation of 2,325 metres (7,628 ft), making it the sixth highest capital in the world by altitude and the second highest capital in Africa. Asmara ( / æ s ˈ m ɑː r ə/ əs- MAHR-ə ), or Asmera, is the capital and most populous city of Eritrea, in the country's Central Region.
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